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Islam and Environmental Protection: Embracing a Greener Ramadan — CG News/Qantara de article on "In the Koran, God states that he has placed humanity as a ‘vicegerent on Earth’ and Muslims believe we should protect our earth

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The month of Ramadan is a time of fasting and prayer, but more and more Muslims are also using this time to reflect on their relationship with the environment, writes Ryan Strom, Communications Manager for Green Muslims

A mountain landscape in Iran (photo: FARS)

Ramadan is the holiest month of the Islamic year. This Ramadan, many Muslims are looking at a new dimension of the month: our impact on the earth. This is particularly important as we learn more about the effects of climate change, dwindling resources and, most importantly, decreasing access to fresh water around the world, which is a growing concern in many Muslim communities and countries.

Muslims believe that God has asked them to abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. In addition to fasting, Muslims around the world aspire to attain spiritual contentment and come closer to God through increased prayer, meditation, helping others and self-reflection.

Landscape in Iran (photo: FARS)
Ryan Strom: “In the Koran, God states that he has placed humanity as a ‘vicegerent on Earth’. Accordingly, Muslims believe that humans are called to protect, cherish, care for and respect the Earth and all of God’s creation within it”

Caring for God’s creation

While fasting is the most well known aspect of the month, it is also a time to be more aware of the universal principles of mercy, compassion and respect for the Earth that our faith teaches.

In the Koran, God states that he has placed humanity as a “vicegerent on Earth” (2:30). Accordingly, Muslims believe that humans are called to protect, cherish, care for and respect the Earth and all of God’s creation within it. This theme was echoed in the life of the Prophet Muhammad. In one of his famous sayings, he states that even if the end of the world comes when you are in the middle of planting a tree, you should continue to plant it.

During Ramadan, Muslims in the United States have been finding ways to make Ramadan more “green”, or environmentally sustainable, and reduce their impact on the earth. Nightly iftars, when Muslims break the fast, play an especially important role in this.

“Zero trash iftars”

Throughout Ramadan Muslims gather for community iftars every night, with larger gatherings usually held at local mosques, sometimes with hundreds of individuals in attendance. Many Muslims have begun holding “Green Iftars“, also referred to as “Zero Trash Iftars“, which provide an alternative to discarding hundreds of pieces of disposable plates, cups, utensils and even food. Groups that implement the practice of “Green Iftars” make use of reusable or recyclable materials and aim to avoid any waste.

Some mosques, like Dar Al Hijrah and Adams Center, both located in Northern Virginia, educate their congregates on the importance of environmental sustainability and have set up recycling programmes to educate their members.

Other Muslims take a more personal route, striving to incorporate sustainable practices into their daily lives. Many individuals follow the Prophet’s advice that Muslims should only fill one-third of their stomachs with food, with one-third reserved for liquid and the final one-third for air, minimising the amount they consume.

Landscape in Iran (photo: FARS)
Encouragement to reflect and contemplate: “The Prophet emphasised to his followers that the act of giving up food and drink loses its significance without personal evaluation” Many also make conscious efforts to conserve water to the last drop, especially during the ritual ablution (called wudu) that Muslims perform before prayer. The conservation of water is a recurring theme within Islamic teachings.

Many also make conscious efforts to conserve water to the last drop, especially during the ritual ablution (called wudu) that Muslims perform before prayer. The conservation of water is a recurring theme within Islamic teachings.

Stewards of the earth

In addition to avoiding wasteful practices regarding food and water, many Muslims also take stock of material possessions, reflecting on what is really needed and how our consumption patterns affect the world around us.

The Prophet emphasised to his followers that the act of giving up food and drink loses its significance without personal evaluation. Essentially, Muslims are encouraged to reflect on this question: what is the point of the physical act of fasting if our actions and words go unchanged?

While there are many higher values that Muslims strive to adhere to in their daily lives, the values of environmental consciousness and stewardship are particularly relevant during this month.

Now is the time for us to encourage ourselves, and those around us, to be the best possible stewards of the earth and to live as individuals who are compassionate and respectful toward the diverse and beautiful aspects of God’s creation. As humans, we are responsible for the world around us and we have a duty to strive to make the changes we wish to see.

If all of us, regardless of our faith tradition, were able to take stock of our personal connection with nature, and our consumption patterns, surely the world would be a different and much better place.

Ryan Strom

© Common Ground News Service 2013

Ryan Strom is the Communications Manager for Green Muslims, a DC-based organisation that seeks “to provide a unique and organic source of environmental leadership, inspiration, awareness, and direct action within Muslim communities”.

Qantara.de editor: Lewis Gropp

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Source: Common Ground News Service 2013 / Qantara de

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Video: “Muhammad Legacy of Prophet” the story of the man who changed world history in a span of 23 years — Unity Production Foundation

Coptic Christians attacked in Egypt – Muslims Condemn the acts — World Muslim Congress Blog spot de

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Muslims condemn the attacks on Coptic Christians in Egypt

Dallas, Texas – August 20, 2013. Muslims unequivocally condemn the brutal attacks on Coptic Christians and destruction of nearly 84 Coptic Churches. This goes against the very grain of Islam. The culprits must be punished to restore trust and justice to the Coptic’s of Egypt.

“I feel the anguish of living in fear, uncertainty and insecurity, and this is not acceptable in a civil society.” Mike Ghouse, President of the World Muslim Congress, a think tank based in Dallas, Texas.Indeed, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had established a government in Medina, where no Jew, Christian or others were to feel insecure. He further gave one of the strongest instructions to Muslims – If any one of you is unjust to the other, By God, on the Day of Judgment, I will stand up against you in support of the victims.

We condemn these disgusting acts of few Muslims among the Egyptians who are hell bent on hurting fellow Egyptians, because they are Christians. These acts go against the very essence of Quran to treat every human, animal and the environment with dignity. Quran could not be clearer than this, “killing one person is like killing the whole humanity, and saving one life is like saving the entire mankind.”

The responsibility for the safety of every citizen falls squarely on the majority, the powerful and the government. The Egyptian government has failed to protect her minorities; the Coptic Christians.

Silence of majority is not good enough; their silence is deemed as authorization to the extremists.
No doubt, the majority of Muslims are peace loving people like all other majorities; our silence is more evil than the evil acts of those evil men. It is our responsibility to not let those few tarnish the name of our religion. We need to do our Jihad, and our struggle to bring justice and trust in the society. 

In the interest of containing, cornering and mitigating the conflict, we urge the Egyptian Government to take all the precautions to single out the individuals responsible for the chaos.

We appeal to the authorities, not to arrest the miscreants as Muslims or members of any of the religious or political organizations but as Individuals. Per Quran and per any civil law, the individual alone is responsible for his acts, and not his family members, mayor of his town, Imam of his Mosque, Egypt or Islam in this case. If we follow this wisdom, we will contain the problem to individuals and prevent further aggravation by pitting one group against the other.

The success of a nation depends when her citizens feel secure; in this case, it is the duty of the state to ensure the safety of Christian and other minorities.

It is also the obligation of the Egyptian majority to continue to speak up against the brutal treatment of fellow Egyptians who are Christians. Indeed, the safety of a community is the responsibility of the majority. 

While Law and order brings the situation under control; it does not put off the fires completely, the dying sparks grow and explode again unless they are addressed through a dialogue. Quran urges one to know the other.

Source: World Muslim Congress Blog spot de

 

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Ibn al-‘Arabi and Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah on Continual Creation and Escaping from Boredom — Ismaili Gnosis com

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Ibn al-‘Arabi and Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah on Continual Creation and Escaping from Boredom

by: Ismaili Gnostic

aga khan 3

“God does not become bored that you should become bored.” – Prophet Muḥammad

 

“Never in my long life – I may say with complete honesty – have  I for an instant been bored…”
- Imām Sultān Muḥammad Shāh Āgā Khān III

Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn al-‘Arabī, the great Sufi mystic and theosopher, explains how getting “bored” is the symptom of the person who fails to realize that God’s creative act is perpetual and renewed at every instant and that therefore, no moment or experience of the Cosmos is identical to another. If one realized that all things are anew at every instant, one would never experience boredom.

“Were it not for the renewal of creation at each instant, boredom would overcome the entities, since Nature requires boredom…But no one in the Cosmos becomes bored except him who has no unveiling and does not witness the renewal of creation constantly at each instant and does not witness God as Ever-creating perpetually.”
- Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn al-‘Arabī, (William C. Chittick, The Sufi Path of Knowledge, 105)

“In fact, it is like this in actual fact, even though not everyone recognizes it, nor does every eye and rational faculty witness it. For in actual fact, [existence] is renewed at each instant. But a person who is ignorant does not witness the renewal of bliss, so he becomes bored. Were this ignorance to be lifted from him, so also would boredom be lifted. Boredom is the greatest proof that man has remained ignorant of God’s preserving his existence and renewing his blessings at each instant.”
- Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn al-‘Arabī, (William C. Chittick, “The Sufi Path of Knowledge”, 106)

If a person is truly conscious of the renewal of things by God’s continuous creation, they will realize that no moment in time is the same as the one before and boredom would never be experienced.(…)

Read full article on Ismaili Gnosis com

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Simerg com: 35 Short Readings and Messages on Didar and Imamat in Anticipation of Mawlana Hazar Imam’s Visit to Bangladesh and India

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INTRODUCTION: His Highness the Aga Khan, or Mawlana Hazar Imam as he is affectionately and respectfully addressed by his Ismaili followers, will be visiting Bangladesh and India during the coming month. In July 2011, the 49th Ismaili Imam who is the direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s.) made a highly successful visit to East Africa and Simerg provided a religious context of the visit by publishing a seven-part series on Imamat and what didar (lit. glimpse of the Imam of the Time) represents to an Ismaili.

Please click on photo to download Imamat and Didar series

Please click on photo to download Imamat and Didar series. Photo: Jehangir Merchant Collection.

We are pleased to provide the entire series which consists of  thirty-five brief  readings such as ”Didar: Life’s Ultimate Purpose” by Imam Mustansir-Billah in PDF format. To download this highly educational and inspiring series, please click Simerg’s Imamat and Didar Series. We invite you to share this post with your contacts around the world.

Source: Simerg com

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Islamic Environmentalism: The Call to Eco-Jihad — Goethe-Institut/ Qantara de article by Monika Zbidi in which she writes that in Islam humans are at the centre of creation they were entrusted with rights and also obligations for Environmental protection

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Gradually – and unnoticed by most Muslims – Muslim intellectuals and scholars have, since the late 1960s, been developing an Islamic environmental theology. Their aim is to examine green principles such as sustainability, environmental protection, animal welfare, and biodiversity in terms of their compatibility with Islam. By Monika Zbidi

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Blossom (photo: FARS)

Environmental protection as a religious duty and a service to God: According to Muslim ecotheologians, the purpose of all creation is to praise God, and all individual parts of the earth are perceived as signs of God. “This means that God is omnipresent, which implies that Nature should be protected for God’s sake alone,” Monika Zbidi writes

The fundamentals of Islamically-motivated ecological behaviour

The founding father of Islamic ecotheology is the Iranian-born philosopher Seyyed Hossein Nasr, who in 1967 wrote the book Man and Nature: The Spiritual Crisis of Modern Man. In so doing, he was well ahead of his time. Islamic environmental ethics are based on the Koran and the body of hadiths. According to this interpretation, conserving nature and creation – in particular flora, fauna, and water – is one of a Muslim’s most important obligations. Water plays a very important role in Islam because it is considered to be the source and foundation of life. It is also of major significance for Muslim ritual cleansing. There are many sayings attributed to the Prophet Mohammed that prove he urged people to use water sparingly, and forbade the pollution of water.

The purpose of all creation is to praise God, and all individual parts of the earth are perceived as signs of God (ayat in Arabic). This means that God is omnipresent, which implies that Nature should be protected for God’s sake alone. In addition, Nature is seen as the totality of mutually complementary elements. In addition to praising God, every individual part of Nature has a role and a task within creation that is of importance for the functioning of the Earth. This means that all things are mutually dependent on one another.

Animals are below humans in the Islamic order of creation because, unlike animals, humans have reason and can differentiate between belief and non-belief. As proven by a number of hadiths, the protection of animals is very important in Islam. The Prophet Mohammed was particularly fond of cats. It is said that on one occasion the Prophet cut off his sleeve because a kitten was sleeping on it when he wanted to rise to pray.

Plants also play an important role in Islam. They are food for both humans and animals (Sura 80, verses 24–32) and are needed by humans to generate essential oxygen. Planting a tree is considered particularly commendable in Islam. Accordingly, there is a hadith that says that every Muslim who plants a tree will be rewarded in the hereafter for every animal or for every human who eats of this tree. There are also institutions of Islamic law that guarantee the conservation of nature in certain areas, for example in harim and hima areas – protected zones, like nature reserves, where water resources, forestland, and pastureland are protected.

In the Islamic, anthropocentric vision of the world, humans are at the centre of creation, which not only affords humans certain rights in accordance with an Islamic environmental ethic, but also places specific obligations on them too. If there is such a thing as a concept of Islamic environmental ethics, it is based primarily on a variety of Koranic principles that are interpreted in an ecological way. In addition to the doctrine of moderation and abstinence and the doctrine of justice (‘adl in Arabic), the following six doctrines are the most frequently cited, and help to keep human behaviour within certain boundaries:

1. The doctrine of oneness (tawhid): The doctrine of tawhid has three levels of meaning within the scope of Islamic ecotheology. Firstly, it indicates the monotheistic unity of God, as opposed to the polytheism and idolatry of the pre-Islamic period. Secondly, it indicates the unity of God, as opposed to the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, which the Koran contradicts. Thirdly, it is an expression of the unity of God with all of creation. This unity with creation gives expression to the fact that everything in the world is part of creation and is related to everything else, which makes the entire world significant, valuable, and worthy of protection. There is also the argument that tawhid expresses the recognition of God as the one and only Lord of all created beings, which means that every single creature must be treated with respect.

2. The doctrine of creation (fitra): In the Islamic ecological discourse, fitra is understood to mean the original state of creation or the original nature of things. First and foremost, this comprises the natural state of humans in harmony with nature. From this is derived the necessity that humankind protect the environment and its obligation to do so. Fazlun Khalid, for example, argues that humans used to live in a natural state of fitra and unconsciously lived within the unwritten laws of nature.

However, this changed with the advent of industrialisation. While people in the past had the same negative and positive attributes as today, their tendency to do good or bad acts was kept in check by the natural order of things. For example, earlier civilisations did not leave behind any pollutants, destructive poisons, or radioactive waste. This shows that humankind’s responsibility today is even greater than it used to be because of the very real possibility that it could destroy Nature on a large scale. One aim, therefore, is to re-establish the state of fitra and to conserve the Earth.

3. The doctrine of stewardship (khilafa): On Earth, humans assume the role of stewards or trustees (khalifa in Arabic). This means that God has entrusted humans with responsibility for creation and has entrusted the Earth to humans, the Earth which God has put at their service. In other words, although humankind is not the owner or lord of the Earth – a position that is reserved for God – it nevertheless has an important place in the order of creation. The Islamic environmental movement calls on humankind to assume the role of the steward and to stop subjugating Nature to itself.

4. The doctrine of responsibility (amana): Very closely linked to the doctrine of khilafa is the doctrine of amana, which stands for the fulfilment of responsibility in all dimensions of life. It is about the responsibility inherent in the role of steward, the responsibility that humankind assumed when God offered it to humans. The section of the Koran that is often cited in this case describes how God offered this responsibility to the heavens, the earth, and the mountains, but they refused, because they were afraid to take this responsibility upon themselves. Following their refusal, humankind agreed to assume responsibility (Sura 33, verse 72).

To a certain extent, the amana is both a restriction of the stewardship and a moral burden. The superior position of humankind is not, therefore, rooted in its greater power and authority over creatures within the framework of an Islamic environmental ethics, but much more in the accountability that only humankind has towards God.

5. The doctrine of servitude (‘ubudiyya): The doctrine of servitude expresses the status of humans as servants of God (‘abd Allah in Arabic) and completes the doctrines of stewardship and responsibility. The role of the slave restricts the power of humankind. Muslim ecotheologians understand it to mean that Muslims, in their role as servants of God, have to obey laws, including the care of Nature and the ecosystem and dealing properly with its resources.

6. The doctrine of balance (mizan): The Arabic term mizan means balance, equilibrium, or scales. In Islamic environmental ethics it is translated as ‘ecological balance’ or ‘a middle way’. This principle calls for the conservation or the restoration of balance on Earth, both in terms of harmony within Nature and in terms of the field of human justice and morality in day-to-day dealings. God created the Earth and everything in it as perfect, free from fault, and in balance. However, it is the task of human beings to keep it that way. In the opinion of Muslim ecotheologians, problems such as global warming, earthquakes, and rising sea levels are evidence that the Earth is no longer in divine balance.

Rainforest in Congo (photo: picture alliance/ WILDLIFE)

According to the Islamic khilafa-doctrine of stewardship, humans assume the role of stewards or trustees for the earth. “This means that God has entrusted humans with responsibility for creation and has entrusted the Earth to humans, the Earth which God has put at their service”

An Islamic way out of the dead end of climate change?

According to Islamic environmental ethics, the solution to environmental problems lies in the revival of spirituality and faith. While this does not mean that they distance themselves from science and development, they do oppose the consumer society and immoderate behaviour. Islamic ecotheology is not a monolithic structure. In view of the fact that ‘eco-Islam’ is still a very young movement, there are a large number of different dimensions and interpretations, all of which share the same goal, namely the protection of the environment and the stewardship of creation.

Finally, the theme of the environment and the protection of the Earth unites supporters in other religions, too, in the common fight to preserve the livelihood of all living beings, and it has already proven to be an important pillar in inter-religious debate. While an exclusively religious approach cannot solve the problems of climate change, it can contribute to a change in attitudes. A growing Islamic ecological discourse is emerging in particular on the Internet, and it would seem that many Muslims have been inspired by the fact that their own religion calls for and encourages environmentally-friendly behaviour.

Monika Zbidi

Read full article on Goethe-Institut / Qantara de

Monika Zbidi is a research fellow at the Faculty of Islamic Studies at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. She is also a Ph.D. scholar at the German Federal Environment Foundation. The subject of her doctoral thesis is Islam and ecology. She previously studied Islamic Studies, Political Science, and Semitic Philology.

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‘Gott ist kein Diktator”– Arnfrid Schenk und Martin Spiewak Interview mit Mouhanad Khorchide, Professor für islamische Religionspädagogik an der Universität Münster — Qantara de (In German)

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Click here to read this Interview in English version:

Interview with Mouhanad Khorchide ‘God Is Not A Dictator”

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Der Koran wurde bislang falsch interpretiert, sagt Mouhanad Khorchide. Der Professor für Islamische Religionspädagogik fordert eine Befreiung des Glaubens. Mit ihm sprachen Arnfrid Schenk und Martin Spiewak

Mouhanad Khorchide

Mouhanad Khorchide: “Die Hauptbotschaft wird aber dieselbe sein: Gott ist ein Gott der Barmherzigkeit, der Islam eine Religion der Barmherzigkeit. Jede andere Lesart des Islams ist nicht der Islam.”

Professor Khorchide, was hat das Mohammed-Schmähvideo bei Ihnen ausgelöst?

Mouhanad Khorchide: Ich fand es langweilig und geschmacklos. Da ich den Propheten Mohammed im Video nicht wiedererkannt habe, habe ich mich als Muslim nicht angesprochen gefühlt.

Vielen Muslimen fällt diese Herangehensweise schwer, was raten Sie ihnen?

Khorchide: Ignorieren, nicht provozieren lassen. Provokation ist genau das Ziel – und die Muslime fallen immer wieder darauf rein.

Warum reagieren Muslime so auf Beleidigungen des Propheten, anders als Jesus hat er doch keinen göttlichen Status?

Khorchide: Das Problem liegt woanders. Bei solchen Anlässen entlädt sich bei Muslimen eine aufgestaute Wut. Das Video ist nicht die Ursache der Aufregung, nur der Anlass. Das islamische kollektive Gedächtnis ist noch von Kreuzzügen, der Kolonialzeit und der als Ungerechtigkeit im Nahen Osten empfundenen Politik geprägt, den Kriegen im Irak und in Afghanistan.

Buchcover:

In seinem Buch “Islam ist Barmherzigkeit” bezeichnet Khorchide den Koran als einen Liebesbrief Gottes and die Menschen: “Der koranische Gott stellt sich als liebender Gott vor. Deshalb ist die Beziehung zwischen Gott und Mensch eine Liebesbeziehung, ähnlich wie die zwischen einer Mutter und ihrem Kind.”

Sie haben gerade ein neues Buch geschrieben, darin bezeichnen Sie den Koran als Liebesbrief Gottes an die Menschen. Wie kommen Sie zu dieser Lesart? Für gewöhnlich wird der Koran als mächtiges Buch beschrieben, im Westen auch als gefährliches.

Khorchide: Die Frage ist: Von welchem Gottesbild sprechen wir? Viele Muslime gehen von einem Gott aus, der verherrlicht werden will, der Anordnungen schickt und der kontrolliert, wer sich daran hält. Wer gehorcht, wird belohnt, wer es nicht tut, bestraft. Das ist aber ein Verständnis von Gott, das dem eines Stammesvaters gleicht, dem man nicht widersprechen darf. Viele Muslime sehen den Koran entsprechend als ein Regelbuch.

Sie sehen das anders?

Khorchide: Ich habe den Koran anders gelesen. Gott ist kein archaischer Stammesvater, kein Diktator. Warum beginnen 113 von 114 Suren mit der Formel »Im Namen Gottes des Allbarmherzigen, des Allerbarmers«? Das muss doch einen Grund haben. Der koranische Gott stellt sich als liebender Gott vor. Deshalb ist die Beziehung zwischen Gott und Mensch eine Liebesbeziehung, ähnlich wie die zwischen einer Mutter und ihrem Kind. Ich möchte, dass sich die Muslime befreien von dem Bild eines archaischen Gottes, das einem in vielen Moscheen, im Religionsunterricht oder während der theologischen Ausbildung suggeriert wird.

Sie meinen, die islamische Theologie hat über Jahrhunderte hinweg eine falsche Bedienungsanleitung für den Koran geliefert?

Khorchide: Die heutige islamische Theologie ist zumindest einseitig. Sie geht von einer Herr-Knecht-Beziehung aus. Die Reformer, die den Koran anders interpretieren, den Islam nicht als reine Gesetzesreligion sehen, konnten sich allerdings bisher nicht durchsetzen.

Warum nicht?

Khorchide: Das hat auch politische Gründe. Viele Machthaber der islamischen Reiche haben sich den Titel »Schatten Gottes auf Erden« verliehen. Sie machten damit klar: Wer dem Herrscher widerspricht, widerspricht Gott. Damit das Volk gefügig bleibt, ließen sie das Bild eines Gottes konstruieren, dem Gehorsam über alles geht. Das spielt bis heute in einem diktatorischen Staat wie Saudi-Arabien eine wichtige Rolle: Jede Opposition wird nicht nur als weltliche Opposition, sondern als Opposition hingestellt, die sich gegen Gott richtet.

Im Christentum gab es ja auch das Konzept des Gottesgnadentums, trotzdem hat sich eine andere Lesart der Bibel durchgesetzt. Warum nicht im Islam?

Khorchide: Nicht wenige Theologen haben sich mit den Machthabern verbündet, wie die Gelehrten der Salafisten in Saudi-Arabien. Denn auch sie profitierten von einem Islam als juristischem Regelwerk. Die Menschen sind auf sie angewiesen, wenn sie Fragen haben, was sie dürfen und was nicht. Da greifen repressive Strukturen ineinander. Im Christentum ist es gelungen, diese Entmündigung des Gläubigen zu überwinden. Das ist im Islam noch nicht ganz der Fall.

Sehen Sie sich als Aufklärer?

Khorchide: So würde ich das nicht sagen. Verwendet man Begriffe aus dem europäischen Kontext heraus, wird man verdächtigt, man wolle dem Islam etwas Fremdes überstülpen. Die Veränderung kann nur von innen heraus kommen. Wir brauchen keine Aufklärung, wie wir sie aus Europa kennen. Wohl aber eine Reform, die die Mündigkeit und die Vernunft des Menschen in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Der Koran selbst tut das übrigens.

Im Koran ist auch viel von der Hölle die Rede. Wie passt das zur Barmherzigkeit?

Khorchide: Die Hölle ist nichts anderes als die Konfrontation mit den eigenen Verfehlungen. Sie ist keine Strafe, die von außen kommt. Eine berühmte Mystikerin sagte einmal: »Am liebsten möchte ich das Höllenfeuer löschen und das Paradies mit Feuer anzünden, damit die Menschen nicht aus Angst vor der Hölle oder Hoffnung auf das Paradies handeln.« Wir Menschen sollten etwas Höheres anstreben, die Nähe und Gemeinschaft Gottes. Die traditionelle Theologie allerdings hat die Bilder von Paradies und Hölle weniger metaphorisch gesehen, sondern wortwörtlich als materielle Räume mit materiellen Strafen und Freuden beschrieben. Aber es ist doch zu wenig, wenn man nur aus Angst vor Bestrafung oder aus Hoffnung auf Belohnung Gutes tut.

Dieser Buchstabenglaube scheint aber gerade unter jugendlichen Muslimen in Deutschland weit verbreitet zu sein.

Khorchide: Leider nicht nur in Deutschland und leider nicht nur unter Jugendlichen. Es ist ein sehr vereinfachter Glaube, der aus Gott lediglich einen Buchhalter oder Richter macht, der zusammenrechnet, wie oft ich gebetet habe. Ich kann Menschen verstehen, die sich an eine Art religiöse To-do-Liste halten wollen. Aber es ist schade. Dieser Glauben verharrt auf einer recht frühen Stufe. Anstrengender ist es zu sagen: Ich möchte das Gute, um des Guten willen. Ich strebe innere Vollkommenheit an, die ihren Ausdruck in guten Charaktereigenschaften und Handlungen findet.

Demonstration von Salafisten in Mönchen-Galdbach; Foto: Jürgen Schwarz/dapd

Viele junge Muslime in Deutschland wenden sich auf ihrer Identitätssuche dem Salafismus zu, aber diese Identität ist laut Khorchide eine “Schalenidentität ohne Kern”. Er kritisiert: “Die Fundamentalisten höhlen den Islam aus, indem sie sich auf die Fassade, die Äußerlichkeiten fokussieren.”

Aber die radikalen Salafisten, die diesen Gehorsams-Islam predigen, finden doch gerade bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland Gehör. Warum?

Khorchide: Diese Jugendlichen fühlen sich heimatlos, an den Rand gedrängt. Sie suchen nach Identität und vor allem nach Abgrenzung. Viele Jugendliche hören kein »Ihr gehört dazu«, sondern ein »Wir Deutsche – ihr Muslime«. Bei den Salafisten finden sie Bestätigung. Eine Identität, die im Widerspruch zur Gesellschaft steht. Sie suchen sich Elemente im Islam, die die Unterschiede betonen, wie einen Bart oder Kleider genau in der Länge, wie sie der Prophet getragen hat. Aber das ist eine Schalenidentität, ohne Kern.

Sie bilden Lehrer für den islamischen Religionsunterricht aus. Wie reagieren die deutschen Muslime auf Ihre Sichtweise?

Khorchide: Die Jungen sagen, das klingt alles sehr sympathisch, warum hat uns nicht früher jemand davon erzählt? Mit diesem barmherzigen Gott kann ich mich besser identifizieren. Aber auch bei den als konservativ geltenden Verbänden – obwohl die eigentlich durchaus heterogen sind – stoße ich auf Verständnis, auch wenn es Vorbehalte gibt. Ich versuche ja alles theologisch zu begründen, aus dem Islam heraus. Ich argumentiere mit dem Koran. Auf den 220 Seiten meines Buches verweise ich auf 400 Koranstellen. Um zu zeigen, das ist nicht meine private Meinung.

Und in der arabischen Welt – stoßen Sie da auch auf Verständnis?

Khorchide: Ich war im Sommer an der Al-Azhar-Universität in Kairo, der wichtigsten sunnitischen Autorität im Islam. Die älteren Gelehrten waren nach meinem Vortrag zurückhaltend, sie haben sich nicht geäußert. Aber die Studenten und Doktoranden kamen auf mich zu und fragten, ob sie nicht in Münster studieren oder ihre Doktorarbeit schreiben könnten. Die Jungen suchen nach etwas Neuem.

Wird Ihr Buch auch ins Arabische übersetzt?

Khorchide: Ja, ich werde das aber ein wenig der arabischen Mentalität anpassen.

Entschärfen?

Khorchide: Wenn man so will. Die Hauptbotschaft wird aber dieselbe sein: Gott ist ein Gott der Barmherzigkeit, der Islam eine Religion der Barmherzigkeit. Jede andere Lesart des Islams ist nicht der Islam.

Wie kommt es, dass die Mehrheit der Muslime ein ganz anderes Islamverständnis hat? Die lesen den Koran doch auch.

Khorchide: Der Koran ist im Hocharabisch des 7. Jahrhunderts verfasst. Nichtaraber verstehen den Koran deshalb nur sehr schwer. Wenn Araber ihn lesen, verstehen sie vielleicht 40 Prozent – was die Sprache anbelangt. Noch größere Schwierigkeiten gibt es, wenn es darum geht, die Verse theologisch zu verorten. Die meisten Muslime setzen sich nicht damit auseinander, was wirklich im Koran steht. Deshalb basiert der Glaube bei uns Muslimen oft eher auf dem, was uns erzählt wird. Man greift auf Aussagen von Theologen des 9. und 10. Jahrhunderts zurück.

In Ihrem Buch schreiben Sie, die Scharia, als juristisches System betrachtet, sei ein Widerspruch zum Islam. Warum?

Khorchide: Weil sie den Islam reduziert auf eben ein juristisches System. Das geht so weit, dass manche Muslime sagen: Wenn du nicht für die Körperstrafen bist, bist du kein Muslim. Das ganze Gerede von der Scharia führt dazu, dass es nur noch darum geht, ob man Regeln folgt oder nicht.

Ihre Eltern sind Palästinenser, Sie sind aber im ultrakonservativen Saudi-Arabien zur Schule gegangen und haben dann in Österreich studiert; welche Rolle spielte das für Ihre religiöse Sozialisation?

Khorchide: Saudische Gelehrte behaupten, nur in ihrem Land gebe es den reinen, wahren Islam. Dabei haben sie ihn mit ihrem salafistischen Denken reduziert auf eine Fassade. Ein Mann ist ein Frevler, wenn er sich den Bart abrasiert. Eine Frau eine Frevlerin, wenn sie kein Kopftuch trägt. Ich habe erlebt, dass in Moscheen diejenigen als Imame das Gebet leiten sollten, die den längsten Bart hatten. Was soll das? Als Palästinenser in Saudi-Arabien durfte ich nicht studieren, bekam keine Krankenversicherung, aber in Österreich, einem nicht islamischen Land, war das alles kein Problem. Das warf Fragen auf, ich wollte den Kern der Religion erfahren.

Sie kritisieren auch die sogenannten liberalen Muslime. Warum eigentlich, müssten Sie nicht auf einer Linie sein?

Khorchide: Sie reduzieren den Islam. Ähnlich wie die Fundamentalisten. Die Fundamentalisten höhlen ihn aus, indem sie sich auf die Fassade, die Äußerlichkeiten fokussieren. Die Liberalen geben eine radikale Antwort, indem sie auf fast alle Äußerlichkeiten und Rituale verzichten, sie beschränken sich auf die Schahada, das Glaubensbekenntnis. Das ist zu wenig. Die Schahada muss ihren Ausdruck im Leben finden.

Was müsste denn passieren, damit sich Ihr Islamverständnis ausbreitet?

Khorchide: Es muss ein Diskurs entstehen, und ein Diskurs braucht Institutionen, es muss gelehrt werden, die Studenten müssen es weitertragen. Ich sehe gute Chancen in der islamischen Theologie hier in Deutschland. Weil wir uns viel freier bewegen können. Aber es wird noch ein, zwei Generationen dauern.

Arnfrid Schenk und Martin Spiewak

© DIE ZEIT 2012

Mouhanad Khorchide ist Professor für islamische Religionspädagogik an der Universität Münster. Sein Buch “Islam ist Barmherzigkeit – Grundzüge einer modernen Religion” ist im Herder-Verlag erschienen.

Redaktion: Nimet Seker/Qantara.de

Mehr zum Thema

 

Quelle: http://de.qantara.de/content/interview-mit-mouhanad-khorchide-gott-ist-kein-diktator

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Ismaili Gnosis com: “We come from the Light of God”- Birthday of Imam Shah Karim al-Husayni

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ImamThroneGJ

“The Imām knows from which drop of sperm the Imām after him will come”

“His sperm was kneaded along with his intellect.”

“And we come from the Light of God.”

(Imām Ḥasan ‘alā dhikrihi al-salām)

December 13 marks the 76th birthday of Mawlānā Shāh Karīm al-Ḥusaynī (Aga Khan IV), the Haḍir Imām (Present Imām) of the Shī‘ī Ismā‘īlī Muslims.  Imām Shāh Karīm is the forty-ninth hereditary Imām in direct lineal descent from Ḥaḍrat ‘Ali ibn Abi Ṭālib, the first of the Imāms in the Cycle of the Prophet Muḥammad.

Each Imām, with respect to his subtle soul, is the bearer or locus of manifestation (mazhar) of the eternal Light (nūr) of Imāmah – otherwise known as the Universal Intellect (al-‘aql al-kull), the Muhammadan Reality (al-ḥaqīqah al-Muḥammadīyyah), the Eternal Imām, etc. which is the first originated being (al-mubda‘ al-awwal) in the metaphysical hierarchy of existence (Click Here to Read Further).

Read more on: Ismaili Gnosis com

 

 

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Poems for Salgirah: The Noor of Imamat Breathing with the Trillion Stars….and OOops (the Optimistically Out of Poverty Society) by Navyn Naran

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ThE NOOR OF IMAMAT….OOops

By Navyn Naran

The arc of the Milky Way hangs over the imposing mountain fortress of Alamut in this starry scene. Photo: Babak Tafreshi. Copyright.

The arc of the Milky Way with over 100 thousand million stars hangs over the imposing mountain fortress of Alamut in this starry scene. Photo: Babak Tafreshi. Copyright.

Find your space, under a trillion stars
In the crystal quiet of the night,
no thoughts, no bars,
Breathe softly, abreast of a beating heart,
Under the open night sky, atop a mountain’s peak,
Where all is still, the breath and the heart’s beat.

(…)

Read more on Simerg com

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Poems for Salgirah: ALI by Sherali Kara

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(English translation follows this transliteration from Hindi)

ALI

By Sherali Kara

Hum jiyenge aur jiyenge sirf ALI tere liye.
Ruhani bache tere hai, Haath thaam ke rakhna ALI.

Tub bhi ALI he thaa, Ab hai tu Hazar Imam ALI.
Taa qayamat tak rahenga Hayul Qayum ALI ALI.

Kya tariqat shaan hai teri.
Khub haqiqi jalwa hai tera.
Kya noorani tevar tere hai.
Shaan e Khuda tu hi ALI hai.

Teri Hidayat se ALI hum jaamat ne taraqi ke.
Lakho Abjo sukhran karo ‘Sukran ALI Sukhran ALI

Is salegrah ke jasn me kya dena hai tujhe ALI.
Khub ibaadat aur khidmat jum kar karna hume ALI.

English Translation

(…)

Read more on:

http://simerg.com/2013/12/12/poems-for-salgirah-ali-by-sherali-kara/

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Mowlana Hazar Imam’s 77th Birthday – Khushiali Mubarak! Salgirah Mubarak! (Birthday Blessings!) – By Amaana, December 13, 2013

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Aga Khan Receives Honorary Doctorate Trinity College

Our 49th Imam’s 77th Birthday celebration! This is the 7th cycle of the Imamat and so this is a very important birthday as the number 7 is very blessed numeric value in the Muslim and other traditions. This year has been amazingly blessed, as is every year, as we are led by the Proof of God on earth! We offer thanks for this blessing evermore

Event

The Shia Imam’s Birthday – Decendant of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

What
The Holy Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan’s Birthday Celebrations – Khushiali Mubarak! Salgirah Mubarak! (Birthday Blessings!)

Why
The birthday of the Imam of the Time, Mowlana Shah Karim Al-Hussaiyni Hazar Imam, Leader of the Shia Ismaili Muslims is celebrated to honor his service to God in spreading peace and understanding amongst his community and the peoples of the world. This tradition has continued for over 1400 years since the time of
Hazrat Ali (a.s. on whom be peace) the first Imam appointed by Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s. – peace be upon him)

When
His birthday anniversary falls on December 13th every year

Where
Celebrations take place in over 50 countries around the world where Ismailis live. Prime Minister Harper of Canada and his Cabinet honored His Highness the Aga Khan by issuing
Governmental greetings to the Imam and applauded his humanitarian efforts in bringing hope to the underprivileged in the world and in spreading knowledge amongst people of different backgrounds and promoting pluralism. On November 4, 2011, Illinois State Governor Patrick “Pat” Quinn, praised the Imam and his work when signing an Agreement of Cooperation between the State of Illinois and the Ismaili Imamat. Please watch this wonderful video.

History
Birthdays of the Ahl-e-Bayt (the Prophet’s family) and the Imams and certain important dates of the year were celebrated. Imam took part in the celebrations of the festivals. Local festivals of secular origin, like the “Flooding of the Nile” and “Navroz” (beginning of spring) were also encouraged by the Imam. Imam al-Muiz would hold huge receptions at his palace; processions were taken through the town and the whole town was illuminated.”The above (taken from the History of the Imams page) is a description of the traditional celebration of the birthday of the Imam of the time (Hazar Imam) the progeny of Prophet Muhammad (sas). We are all very happy at the occasion of the birthday of Mowlana Karim Al-Husaini Hazar Imam (a.s.), the 49th descendant, on December the 13th. The world is celebrating the birthday of this Noble Spirit, Mashallah!

More Info
Please visit his past birthday celebrations every year listed on links below

Faces on that day will be resplendent,
wujuhun yawma’idhin nadira:

looking toward their Lord. – Quran 75:22
ila Rabbi-ha nazira.

So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord,
Fa-man kana yarju liqa’a Rabbi-hi

let him do righteous work,
fa-l’-ya’mal ‘amalan salihan

and let him give no one any share at all
wa la yushrik

in the worship due unto his Lord. – Quran 18:110
bi-’ibadati Rabbi-hi ahada.

And We supported him [Jesus] with the holy spirit. – Quran 2:87
Wa ayyadna-hu bi-Ruhi ‘l-Qudus.

Indeed! Verily, the friends of God have no fear, neither shall they grieve. – Quran 10:62
Ala inna awliyaa Allahi la khawfun AAalayhim wala hum

Our Beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

‘You will see your Lord as you see the moon on the night when it is full.’

‘You are from me and I am from you (anta minni wa ana minka).’

‘Truly, ‘Ali is from me and I am from him (inna ‘Ali minni wa ana minhu), and he is the wali (patron/spiritual master) of every believer after me.’

‘Ali is with the Qur’an and the Qur’an is with ‘Ali. They will not separate from each other until they return to me at the [paradisal pool] (al-hawd).’

‘O ‘Ali, you are a leader (sayyid) in the world and the Hereafter. Your beloved is my beloved, and my beloved is the beloved of God; your enemy is my enemy, and my enemy is the enemy of God. Woe be to those who hate you after me [after I have passed away].’

- More

Here is a wonderful poem I received in time to publish today on this auspicious day, Mashallah!

A beautiful poem by Dr Diana Steigerwald who is scholar in Islamic Studies and current Mukhiani of Baitul Khayal in Montreal.

Dear Mowla

Together we celebrate your birthday!

As one united, global jamat

Dear Mowla,

You pray for us, You breathe for us

You work for us, You dream for us

Your murids, we are.

Dear Mowla

Your efforts unite us, Your prayers ignite us

We ask for your pardon if we’ve erred in any way

If we forget to remind ourselves, What you do for us every day.

Dear Mowla

Excellence, Education, Values, Ethics

We are ambassadors of these words

This our gift we give to you

Dear Mowla

You bring us together, From, Toronto to London

Karachi to Lisbon, Uganda to Chicago

Dear Mowla

We know you love us immensely

And you are here with us spiritually

But this is YOUR day

With your big family around the world

We love you and wish you a happy 77th birthday

“The essence (batin) of Ismailism remains unchanged but the external aspect (zahir) changes. The Nizari Ismailies believe that the first man who existed on earth was an Imam and the last will also be an Imam…These two are in essence the same, the archetype of the Spirit that pervades the whole of Creation. As Imam Ali is reported to have stated in the Sermon of the Great Declaration (khutbat al-bayan): “I am the First and the Last.” All Imams are thus understood in Ismaili doctrine to be one of the same essence transmitting
the Sophia Perennis (Eternal Wisdom) to the seekers of enlightenment from generation to generation until the end of time.”

– Diana Steigerwald, (The Multiple Facets of Ismailism, Sacred Web, Volume 9, pp. 87, July 2002)

The Pure Progeny

By Al Mu’ayyad fi’l din Al Shirazi

Peace be upon the pure progeny,
and welcome to their resplendent lights.

(…)

Read more on:  Amaana Org

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“Jesus in Islam” by Michael Wolfe and “How the Prophet Muhammad Sought Protection for His Embattled Followers in a Christian Land” by Barnaby Rogerson

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“Christians may be surprised to learn that Muslims believe in the Virgin Birth and Jesus’ miracles”…..Read Michael Wolfe’s Piece

Left: Virgin Mary nurtured by a palm tree in a Turkish miniature, as described in the Qur'an; right: Mary and Jesus in a Persian miniature. Please click on image for Michael Wolfe's article "Jesus Through a Muslim Lens." Images: Wikipedia.

Left: Virgin Mary nurtured by a palm tree in a Turkish miniature, as described in the Qur’an; right: Mary and Jesus in a Persian miniature. Please click on image for Michael Wolfe’s article “Jesus Through a Muslim Lens.” Images: Wikipedia.

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Muhammad, who could do nothing to alleviate the suffering of his small embattled community of believers, at last advised some of his followers to leave sacred Mecca and take refuge elsewhere…..Read Barnaby Rogerson’s Piece

The Altar of the Nativity, beneath which is the star marking the spot where tradition says the Virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus. Photo: Muslim Harji, Montreal, PQ. Copyright. Please click on image for Barnaby Rogerson's piece.

The Altar of the Nativity, beneath which is the star marking the spot where tradition says the Virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus. Photo: Muslim Harji, Montreal, PQ. Copyright. Please click on image for Barnaby Rogerson’s piece.

Read more on Simerg com

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Karen Armstrong:“Every religion has significant and important differences and has its genius which we can learn from one another”— Ismaili centre, Canada 25 March 2012

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Karen Armstrong speaks about Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) and the relevance of his life to our present time at the Ismaili Centre, Burnaby on 25 March 2012. Photo: Sultan Baloo

“But above all, we can learn from Muhammad how to make peace. His whole career shows that the first priority must be to extirpate greed, hatred and contempt from our own hearts and to reform our own society. Only then is it possible to build a safe, stable world, where people can live together in harmony, and respect each other’s differences.”
— Karen Armstrong, Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet

Click here to watch video on The Ismaili org

Prominent religious historian and well-known author, Karen Armstrong, was the keynote speaker at the Ismaili Centre, Burnaby on 25 March 2012, where she delivered a lecture on Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family), the relevance of his life to our present time, and Islamophobia — a clash of ignorance. The visit was part of Armstrong’s “12 Days of Compassion” tour of Greater Vancouver, during which she was awarded Simon Fraser University’s Jack P. Blaney Award for Dialogue in celebration of her innovative contributions to tolerance, understanding and compassion globally.

A recipient of the 2008 TED Prize, Armstrong was entitled to a wish that would be supported by the TED organisation. She articulated a shared religious vision founded on common values: “I wish that you would help with the creation, launch and propagation of a Charter for Compassion, crafted by a group of leading inspirational thinkers from the three Abrahamic traditions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam and based on the fundamental principles of universal justice and respect.”

Lectures at Ismaili Centres around the world encourage mutual exchange and understanding between diverse peoples, communities and faiths. Renowned for her commentary on religious affairs, Armstrong’s message was consistent with the pressing call for more wide-spread education about Islam to countervail false stereotypes popularised by the media.

“The media bears a heavy responsibility,” said Armstrong, who went on to criticise mainstream media that seek out conflict in every story. In a tragically war-afflicted world, where the actions of a few ill-intending individuals are taken to represent the peace-abiding majority, more needs to be said about the good work that communities are doing to foster an ethos of care, compassion, and concern for humanity.

“People should be hearing about what is going on in Pakistan leading the work in compassion,” she noted, explaining how learning modules on compassion are being introduced in the secondary curriculum.

Ismaili Council for Canada Vice-President Malik Talib welcomed the audience, which included representatives from government, the diplomatic corps, the judiciary, academia, civil society leaders, leaders from other faith groups and the Ummah. He expressed gratitude to Armstrong for accepting the invitation to speak, and acknowledged the leadership of the Wosk Centre for Dialogue at SFU in organising Armstrong’s visit to Vancouver.

“The presentation and dialogue today continues a long-standing tradition within Islam of bringing people together to share knowledge and wisdom,” he said, pointing out the role played by Ismaili Centres as bridges of friendship and understanding among diverse peoples and communities.

Guests gathered at the Ismaili Centre, Burnaby for Karen Armstrong’s lecture, which was part of her “12 Days of Compassion” tour of Greater Vancouver. Photo: Hakam Bhaloo
Guests gathered at the Ismaili Centre, Burnaby for Karen Armstrong’s lecture, which was part of her “12 Days of Compassion” tour of Greater Vancouver. Photo: Hakam Bhaloo

Armstrong made an impassioned appeal for creativity in applying the principles and values from the Prophet’s life in our modern contexts. “Every religion has significant and important differences,” said Armstrong. “Each one has its genius and we can learn from one another and we can be brothers.”

“Take a lead from this wonderful centre of dialogue,” she said of the Ismaili Centre, “which reveals the Mi’raj everywhere you look, to radiate peace.”

In her vote of thanks, Samira Alibhai, President of the Ismaili Council for British Columbia remarked that Armstrong’s lecture “has helped us contextualise the role of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) in the world we live in today, and how to apply the principles exhibited by the Prophet to our own lives.”

Source: The Ismaili org

Also watch on Al-Jazeera “One on One – Karen Armstrong”

The religious scholar and former nun has called upon faith leaders to collaborate to promote peaceful coexistence.

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“Die Before You Die”– Journey Towards the Nur — By Shiraz Pradhan

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Touched by the essence" - a sculpture by Naznin Virji-Babul, Vancouver. Copyright.

Touched by the Essence” – a sculpture by Naznin Virji-Babul, Vancouver. Copyright.

By Shiraz Pradhan

Mention of the word ‘death’ whips up emotions of fear and sadness in most people. This is quite natural, because biological death marks the end of physical life on earth. To people, who are preoccupied with material things and sensual delights, death represents an end to all that. Religion aims to awaken in human beings the realisation that while life on this earth is short and transient, it has immense potentialities to achieve higher spiritual stations that lead to life eternal. The Holy Qur’an says:

“This life of the world is but a pastime and a game. Lo! the home of the Hereafter – that is Life, if they but knew.”  — 29:64

Unfortunately, man is not impressed by the promise of eternal life which religion offers and hence, he continues to live in a manner so as to make the best of his short sojourn on this earth, believing that death is nothing but a passage into darkness and complete extinction. Shakespeare puts this very well, saying:

We are such stuff,
As dreams are made of;
And this life is
Rounded off with a sleep.

Islam, like all other revealed religions, teaches that death opens up a door into a different realm that enables the soul to experience the secrets of life hereafter. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s.) is related to have said:

“This life on earth is a slumber, death marks the awakening of the soul”.

In Ismali tariqa (persuasion) of Islam, which is also a tariqa of jannat-bil-quwwat (potential paradise), anyone who truly offers his bay’at (allegiance) to Imami waqt (Imam-e-Zaman, Imam of the Time) is ushered into this jannah (paradise). In this tariqa, a mu’min (believer), in his search for haqq (Reality) and wasl (union) with haqq, has to come to understand consciously the meaning of death and accept it as an event of the exit of the soul from this world into the next, which is spiritual. His spiritual progress depends on this understanding.

The Imam-e-Zaman leads the believer from the zahir (exoteric) to the batin (esoteric), from the apparent to the hidden, from darkness to light and from the relative to the Absolute. He removes the veil of ignorance which blurs the mind of the believer and gives him the understanding that there is a world beyond this world of life and death which is everlasting and hence, as he fulfils his temporal duties, which he must not ignore, he must also attend to his spiritual responsibilities and prepare himself for the Hereafter, the country of haqq (Reality) and the abode of the Pure. He who attains this abode is blessed with life eternal, and if he so desires he can gain wasl (union) with haqq (Reality). This is the esoteric teaching of Ismailism and because the believer is steeped in the knowledge of the beyond, he is clearly aware of the fact that death is not a complete extinction of life, but it is a passage into eternity.

(…)

Read more on Simerg com

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Interview with Writer Kathleen Göbel: ‘Symbols of Human Strength and Weakness’— by Suleman Taufiq on the book “Tiere des Himmels”Symbole für menschliche Stärken und Schwächen

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Click to read article in German langauge:

Kathleen Göbels Buch “Tiere des Himmels”Symbole für menschliche Stärken und Schwächen

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The Islamic tradition is rich in stories about animals. Kathleen Göbel has published a collection of fantastical tales, parables and stories of wisdom with entertainment value for both young and old. Suleman Taufiq spoke to the Islam scholar and writer about her book

How did you come to be interested in the Orient and its cultures? And where did you get the idea for this book?

Kathleen Göbel: After finishing school in Berlin, I read German Studies, Psychology, Turkish and Islamic Studies at the Free University and spent my vacations in the 1970s in Turkey. Initially, this was a shock, as I soon discovered that the “Islamic studies” I had read at university were not only completely intellectual, but that they also had precious little to do with the actual, real-life realities of the Islamic cultural sphere. I was captivated by the people who – in the cities as well as the villages – opened the doors to their houses and their hearts.

I ended up staying for a long time. I went to Konya to study the Koran at the Shamsi Tabrizi Cami (even though this was not without its complications for a woman at the time) and Islamic philosophy with Suleiman Dede, who then sent me to Mustafa Effendi in Istanbul.

At the same time, I began collecting stories, and when I returned, I published my first volume of traditional Turkish parables. This was very well received and re-published several times.

From which sources did you draw your stories? And what idea underpins your book?

Göbel: In my book “Tiere des Himmels – Weisheitsgeschichten aus dem Orient” (Animals of Heaven – Stories of Wisdom from the Orient), each chapter is dedicated to a particular species of animal, from the elephant through to the mosquito. Animals are assigned to many prophets in the Koran (which corroborates all prophets in Christianity and Judaism). For example, the Koran tells the enchanting love story of Solomon and Bilqis, the beautiful and wise Queen of Sheba. It was the hoopoe bird that told Solomon about her and then carried the King’s message to her as if it were a carrier pigeon. But the story doesn’t end with the veiled Bilqis entering Solomon’s harem. Instead, when she enters his palace she believes the blue tiled floor to be water, and hitches up her skirts, revealing her bare calves.…

Cover of Kathleen Göbel's book "Animals of Heaven"

“Animals, birds and even insects can serve as symbols to illustrate human strengths and weaknesses; they can show ways out and highlight unutilised potential,” says Kathleen Göbel

This is the story as it is set out in Sura 27 of the Koran (The Ants), and whenever I told Muslim friends about it, I would often come in for a good scolding. Because I knew these were rarely quoted verses, I would always stick to my guns. Someone would then fetch the Koran and look up the relevant section. This would then usually be followed by a heated discussion, an exchange of views, a chance to learn from one another.

There is a general problem, in particular in the case of uneducated Muslims from humble backgrounds, who have often not learned to read: there’s a village imam who repeats the same passages over and over again until these are learned by heart. But no one guides these young people in their reflection and reception of texts or teaches them how to approach the great books of our global cultural heritage.

There are more dangerous, more heightened versions of this example that the western media are only too fond of disseminating. In Muslim countries, it is no secret among educated Muslims that of all people it is the “Islamists” who haven’t read the Koran themselves, and that they only know what’s been drummed into them by their sheikh.

What can we learn from these old tales, parables and stories of wisdom from the animal world of the Orient? What can be drawn from these stories?

Göbel: Animals, birds and even insects can serve as symbols to illustrate human strengths and weaknesses; they can show ways out and highlight unutilised potential. In the twelfth century, the Persian philosopher Attar composed an account of a gripping search for self-discovery with high spiritual aims using the example of birds searching for their king. In the tenth century, the Syrian philosopher al-Muqqadisi wrote his enchanting work about unveiling the secrets of the flowers and the birds.

The animals can serve as a clarification of that which all creatures have in common: namely that they are assigned a “role to play in terrestrial affairs. They are subjected to particular rules and disciplines which they use to fulfil the wishes of the Creator,” as Syed Omar Ali-Shah wrote in his preface to my book.

Which story had the greatest influence on you? Are these stories also known in the Christian or Jewish faith?

Göbel: These traditional stories, which are derived from the source material for the “three religions of the book”, belong to us all and are familiar to us in one version or another.

A calligraphy illustration of a carrier pigeon from the book "Animals of Heaven"

The Koran and hadith record that the Prophet Muhammad treated animals (birds and insects included) with respect and dignity, and advised others not only to refrain from physical cruelty, but also to abstain from mental cruelty to animals

One of the stories that left an impression on me is the one about the “golden calf”, a story that is well known to Christians and Jews: when Moses had received the Ten Commandments on the mountain and returned to the Israelites, he realised that during his short absence they had stopped believing in the one true God. I’d never really wondered why it was a golden calf of all things, and not a donkey or a camel. Sura 20 describes an intriguing additional detail: only a short time had passed since the Israelites had left Egypt, and one of them used Moses’ absence to revive the Egyptian cult of Osiris.

Not all animals are popular in the Islamic Orient. Which animals enjoy a high status, and which do not? As far our relationship to animals is concerned, are there differences between East and West?

Göbel: The dog is regarded as such a dirty and impure animal that even the slightest contact makes a ritual washing necessary. At the same time, in the Koran, the dog is revered in the form of the loyal dog of the Seven Sleepers: it even records his name: Qitmir. And along with Buraq, the winged horse of the Prophet, the whale that swallowed Jonah and the ant that taught Solomon mindfulness, it is one of the four animals that will enter paradise.

In contemporary Arab nations, just as in Turkey, there is no mention of the exemplary empathy shown to animals by the Prophet Mohammed, who gave his animals names (his donkey was called Duldul, for example) and who repeatedly stepped in to protect camels maltreated by their owners – even on one occasion saving two baby birds from attack by his companions because he felt sorry for the anxious mother bird.

In view of the fact that the Prophet is supposed to serve as a role model in all areas of life, and that the faithful are supposed to emulate his actions, it is quite a contradiction that the way he treats animals is often ignored.

Suleman Taufiq

Source: © Qantara.de 2014

Translated from the German by Nina Coon

Editor: Aingeal Flanagan/Qantara.de

More on this topic

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The Tolerance of the Fatimids toward “The People of the Book” (Ahl Al-Kitab) — By Diana Steigerwald on Amaana org

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Fatima and her sons in metal work inscription Iran 17c

The Tolerance of the Fâtimids toward “The People of the Book” (Ahl Al-Kitâb)

By Diana Steigerwald

“The first principle is to comprehend, to be convinced of, to uphold the fact that  there  is  no  conflict  between  Islam  and  Christianity.  There  may  be conflict on political issues, there may be conflict on economic issues, there may be conflict on social issues but the faith of Islam is not in conflict with the faith of Christianity and that is so clearly specified in Islam and all I Need to do this morning is to mention the words to you Ahl al-Kitâb, the People of Book.  The Book is Allah’s revelation  to  man,  revealed to man through Allâh’s Prophets of which Prophet Muhammad was the last Prophet.”

(Karîm Âghâ Khân, Los Angeles, June 15, 1983)

(…)

 

Read more on Amaana Org

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A Brief Introduction to the Spiritual and Temporal Dimensions of the Ismaili Imamat, and its Precious Work Under the Leadership of His Highness the Aga Khan — Simerg com

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A portrait of Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan, with a framed portrait of Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah in the background. Photo by Philippe Le Tellier/Paris Match via Getty Images. Copyright.

An early portrait of Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan, with a framed photo of his grandfather, the 48th Ismaili Imam, Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah (1877-1957) in the background. Photo by Philippe Le Tellier/Paris Match via Getty Images. Copyright.

His Highness the Aga Khan is the direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s) and also the current 49th Imam of a religious office, the Imamat, that he has inherited and which has its origins in the earliest history of Islam. He will be addressing both the Houses of the Canadian Parliament on Thursday, February 27, 2014 at the invitation of the Prime Minister, Stephen Harper. As a precursor to this week’s historical event, the aim of this piece is  to introduce readers to the  Imamat and to highlight its vision and precious work under the leadership of His Highness. This is done with the assistance of short excerpts from articles as well as speeches and interviews given by the Ismaili Imam.

BACKGROUND

By Azim Nanji

Islam

The last in the line of the Abrahamic family of revealed traditions, Islam emerged in the early decades of the seventh century. Its message, addressed in perpetuity, calls upon people to seek in their daily life, in the very diversity of humankind, signs that point to the Creator and Sustainer of all creation. Revealed to Prophet Muhammad in Arabia, Islam’s influence spread rapidly, bringing into its fold, within just over a century of its birth, the inhabitants of the lands stretching from the central regions of Asia to the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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THE ROLE OF THE NEW GENERATION

As the young men and women from this Aga Khan Academy, and over time from its sister schools, grow and assume leadership in their societies, it is my hope that it will be members of this new generation who, driven by their own wide knowledge and inspiration, will change their societies; that they will gradually replace many of the external forces that appear, and sometimes seek, to control our destinies. These young men and women, I am sure, will become leaders in the governments and the institutions of civil society in their own countries, in international organisations and in all those institutions, academic, economic and artistic that create positive change in our world.” — Aga Khan [25]

THE ISMAILI IMAMAT’S OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE

Please click on image for enlargement. Credit: Aga Khan Development Network, www.akdn.org

Please click on image for enlargement. Credit: Aga Khan Development Network,http://www.akdn.org

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The Arab world –“Arabic: the last tie that binds”— Qatara / Deutsche Welle de article by Kersten Knipp

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*****

Read this article in Deutsch:

Arabische Welt – Die Sprache als letztes Bindeglied

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In terms of politics, economics, religion and culture, the paths of the Arab states diverge. The once proclaimed unity between them has been consigned to the history books. Only one thing still binds them together: the Arabic language. By Kersten Knipp

 

“Iqra!” – “Read!” There is no misinterpreting the command received by Mohammed, the founder of Islam in the early seventh century. Islamic tradition tells us that God Himself gave Mohammed the command, and His prophet could no nothing but obey. He read aloud to his people what had been dictated to him from on high, and what they heard had its very own, very special sound.

It is no coincidence that the name of the Muslims’ holy book, the Koran (also spelled “Quran” or “Qur’an”), is made up of the three Arabic consonants “q”, “r” and the glottal stop “hamza”, uncommon in European languages. “Koran” means “that which is to be read”. It was made to be read aloud, so that listeners hear the characteristic sound of its language.

Revelation in Arabic

According to the Bonn-based scholar of Islamic Studies Stefan Wild, the experience of recognising oneself in the Arabic language and of hearing that it too is capable of expressing the theological ideas of the day was a key factor in the success of the new religion.

“To a certain extent, the Koran was not written in Arabic by chance; it is above all an Arabic Koran, as it says in the text itself. In the early days of the Arabic religion, the main feature of this new religion was not the fact that it contained new ideas about God, the angels and the prophets. It was the fact that all these things, which had previously been said and thought in other languages, were now revealed in Arabic.”

Arabic and Islam form a tightly interwoven unit. And while the Arabs advanced westwards and eastwards little by little from the seventh century onwards, conquering ever larger territories as they went, they spread their culture twofold: in the form of religion and language.

Members of other faiths did of course live under their rule. But at least in terms of language, their subjects were always henceforth closely interwoven with the new rulers. “The non-Muslims – for instance the Christians in Lebanon and Iraq – did not convert to Islam, but they did adopt the dominant cultural language that was Arabic,” explains Wild.

A copy of the Koran (photo: picture alliance/Godong)

According to Stefan Wild, it was not by chance that the Koran was written in Arabic: “In the early days of the Arabic religion, the main feature of this new religion was not the fact that it contained new ideas about God, the angels and the prophets. It was the fact that all these things, which had previously been said and thought in other languages, were now revealed in Arabic.”

German philosophers in the Orient

Just as in the times of Islamic expansion, Arabic remained the uniting factor when the empires stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Atlantic went into political decline. In the sixteenth century, the Ottomans advanced further and further, conquering one Arab province after another. These territories remained under Constantinople’s rule for over three hundred years. From this point on, the Ottoman language – an early form of modern Turkish – was the official language of the Arab world. Then, in the nineteenth century, the former Arab provinces turned back to their roots and rebelled against their foreign rulers.

“In rising up against the polyglot Ottoman Empire with its many peoples,” says Stefan Wild, “Arabic played a major role as a national language. Arab scholars referred to the German philosophers Fichte and Herder to explain how Arabic could be a uniting factor. They pointed out the parallels with German: a common language that was a link between all the various small German states. It was a very common idea in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The idea that Arabic, given enough support and distribution, could be the uniting tie for a great Arab nation was inspired by the Germans.”

Ideological schism

In the twentieth century too, Arabic played a major role – perhaps even the decisive role – in the shaping of the region’s sense of identity. It became increasingly apparent that the region’s states were moving in different directions. Some, primarily Egypt, Syria, Algeria and the Republic of Yemen, launched socialist-nationalist experiments and sought contact with the Soviet Union. Others, predominantly Saudi Arabia and other states in the Arabian Peninsula, cultivated a conservative form of Islam that regulated large parts of public life.

There was no way to bring these two directions together ideologically, and the idea of unity between Arab states became less and less viable. That, says Stefan Wild, is also reflected in the central body of these states, the Arab League. “I have the impression that the only thing that has ever held the Arab League together is Arabic. Only the language, High Arabic, can keep this world together.”

Johann Gottfried Herder (photo: Imago)

Johann Gottfried Herder was a German poet, translator, theologian and philosopher of history and culture. He is also considered one of the fathers of Arab nationalism

Rifts across society

In this millennium, the Arab Spring has shown all too clearly how far societies in the Arab countries are drifting apart, even within national boundaries. Rich and poor, educated and illiterate, believers and non-believers … they all have very different interests, ideas and lifestyles. The question as to what holds societies together is a very urgent one in the Arab countries, just as it is elsewhere. In some cases, the answers take the form of violence, above all in Syria.

Thus, the relationship between the Arab states is just as fragile as the relationships between the various classes inside each country. Due todigitalisation, Arabic news and information channels have introduced a new kind of unity: Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya and others bring Arabs around the world up to the same information level. Opinions on the reporting, however, vary greatly. The only agreement is that linguistic unity ought to be retained.

Many Arab writers share this view. Says Stefan Wild: “Many writers warn that Arabic dialects are finding their way into contemporary literature. They fear that there may one day be Egyptian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic and Iraqi Arabic, for example. These variants, they worry, would then drift further and further apart.”

Spontaneous ties

So what is it that holds the Arab world together? Not a great deal. In terms of politics, economics, religion and culture, the region’s countries are taking different paths. Yet there was one reason why the uprising that began in Tunisia was able to spread to other countries: the people of the region feel spontaneous ties to one another. They may well argue over values and lifestyles, but they do so in Arabic.

It is language that holds their world together across all borders; it is language that – as in the case of the recent uprisings – has helped shake the systems to their foundations. Let us hope then that it is also language that will ultimately help the Arab world to move forward again.

Kersten Knipp

© Deutsche Welle 2014

Translated from the German by Katy Derbyshire

Editor: Aingeal Flanagan/Qantara.de

More on this topic

Source: Qantara de

 

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“Importance of Arabic Language”  on Amaana org

H.R.H. Prince Aga Khan’s address at the session of Motamer-al-alam-al-Islami on Friday the 9th February 1951 at Karachi Pakistan

Arabic is the language of Islam. The Quran is in Arabic The Prophet’s Hadiths are in Arabic. The highest form of Islamic Culture in Spain was In Arabic Your children must learn Arabic to a certain extent always.

 Aga Khan III autographed photo with blessings for his community

 

I can assure you that it is not with a light heart that I address you this evening. I fully realize that what I am going to say will make me most unpopular with important sections of the population. However, I would be a traitor to Islam if I let this opportunity pass without placing before the people of this powerful and populous Islamic nation the views which I consider my duty to place before the Muslims with a many of the arguments as I am capable of using in a short address I fear some of my arguments will mortally offend those who under totally different conditions gave so much of their life for the support of the cause which I think today has been passed by, by events far more important than any dreamt of in those days.

I feel the responsibility greater than any I can think of to place my views and arguments before the Muslim population of Pakistan as a whole, each and every province, while what I consider a tragic and deadly step is not yet taken and not added to the constitution of this realm.

The language of a nation is not only the expression of its own voice but the mode of interpretation with all other human societies. Before it is too late, I, an old man, implore my brothers in Islam here not to finally decide for Urdu as the national language of Pakistan but to choose Arabic. Please hear my arguments.

 

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Aga Khan on Arabic as National Language of Pakistan – by Ahmed Amiruddin WordPress com Blog

 

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The Mystical Visions of Ibn Arabi – Diana Steigerwald on Amaana org

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ibn-Arabi Amaana.org

The Mystical Visions of Ibn al-‘Arabî (d. 1240)
– Dr. Diana Steigerwald
California State University (Long Beach)

“Whatever may be the philosophical doctrine to which we adhere, we observe, as soon as we speculate on the origin and the cause, the anteriority and the presence of the Feminine.”

– Excerpt from the Fusûs al-hikam of Ibn al-‘Arabî

The 13th century, even though politically overshadowed by the invasion of the Mongols and the end of the ‘Abbâsid caliphate, was also the golden age of Sufism. Known as Shaykh al-Akbar (the Greatest Shaykh), Muhyî al-Dîn Ibn al-‘Arabî was one of the most famous representatives of esoteric mysticism at the beginning of the 13th century. He was born in Murcia (city in Spain) in 1165 and at the age of eight he began his formal education and his parents moved to Seville. His work is complex, but it has an important philosophical aspect. He was one of the most prolific Sûfîs; 239 works are attributed to him. His most influential work, entitled Fusûs al-hikam (The Gems of the Wisdom of the Prophets), was inspired by a vision. In 1230, Prophet Muhammad appeared to Ibn al-‘Arabî in a dream, holding a book, and bade him to write down his teaching. This book relates the wisdom of twenty-seven Prophets. Many ideas inspired from Shî‘ism and Ismâ‘îlism are discernible in his works. Ibn al-‘Arabî was also inspired by al-Suhrawardî (d. 1191) who developed the Theosophy of Light establishing the Oriental Wisdom (Hikmat al-Ishrâq). One of its essential characteristics is that it makes philosophy and mystical experience inseparable. The disciples of al-Suhrawardî are designated as “Platonists” (Ashâb Aflatûn); Ibn al-‘Arabî was similarly surnamed “Son of Plato” (Ibn Aflatûn).

 

Sophia aeterna: Feminine figure

In one of his works, the Futûhât al-Makkiyya, which is about the divine revelations received in Mekka, he relates that he had a vision which transformed the course of his life. Although Ibn al-‘Arabî claimed to derive his knowledge from no physical intermediary, he traveled extensively during his life in North Africa, Syria, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and met many influential shaykhs. In Andalusia, he saw in a vision a marvelous celestial bird who ordered him to set out for the Orient.

At the age of thirty-six, Ibn al-‘Arabî went to Mekka and was greatly impressed by the Ka‘ba, a holy place, where the invisible (ghayb) world meets the visible (shuhûd) one. A noble Iranian shaykh gave him hospitality and, on the same occasion, Ibn al-‘Arabî met his daughter, who was gifted with the Eternal Wisdom (Sophia aeterna). In his Dîwân, he wrote: “Never have I seen a woman more beautiful of face, softer of speech, more tender of heart, more spiritual in her ideas, more subtle in her symbolic allusions. […] She surpasses all the people of her time in refinement of mind and cultivation, in beauty and in knowledge.” (Corbin 140) As the visible manifestation of Sophia aeterna, she is at the same spiritual level as Christ. She possesses the “Christic Wisdom” (Hikmat ‘îsawiyya).

 

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Understanding the Quran — by Diana Steigerwald on Ismaili web Amaana

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Understanding the Quran — Diana Steigerwald, California State University (Long Beach)

Surat al-Fatihah Quran 1.1-7 The Opening - Amaana.org

‘I  believe  in  one  God,  and  Muhammad,  an Apostle  of  God’  is  the  simple  and  invariable profession of Islām. The intellectual image of the Deity has never been degraded by any visible idol; the honor of  the Prophet has never  transgressed the  measure  of  human  virtues;  and  his  living precepts  have  restrained  the  gratitude  of  his disciples within the bounds of reason and religion. (Gibbon  and al., 54)

 

There will come a time when nothing will remain of the Qur’ān but a set of rituals. And nothing will be more common than attributing falsities to God and the Prophet. — ‛Alī Ibn Abī Tālib

The Qur’ān contains a powerful message which generates a material and spiritual response. From its original source, the Mother of the Book (Umm al-Kitāb) came down to convey all humans to its universal message. It was revealed in fragments of varying lengths over twenty-three years, and every sūra was not only related to the overall Divine plan but also to emerging situations. Madinian sūras are generally the longer ones; the difficulty of rearranging them in chronological order was increased by the fact that most Madinian and many Makkan  sūras were composite, containing  discourses  of  different  periods  bound  up  together. Apart  from  the  relatively  few allusions  to  exactly  date  historical  events,  the  principal  evidences were  supplied  by  general criteria of style and content. (Gibb, 36)

The collation of the Qur’ān began at the death of the Prophet in 632, but even during his life  some verses were written down. Partial compilations were made on  rather unsatisfactory materials (bones, leather sheets, stones etc.). The dying off of the companions of the Prophet, and the  sharpening  of  a  debate  among  surviving Muslims  pushed  the  third  caliph,  ‛Uthmān  (d. 35/656), to gather the Qur’ānic revelation into a single compilation called mushaf. The collection was  declared  complete  and  closed;  the  text was  established  by  the Caliph  ‛Uthmān  and  his entourage;  and  the  other  compilations  were  destroyed  to  avoid  feeding  dissent  about  the authenticity of the official Qur’ān.

For Muslims, Allāh speaks directly  to humankind in  the  first person  in  the Qur’ān.  Its literary  style  and  diction  are  altogether  different  from  the  sayings  (ahādīth)  of  the  Prophet Muhammad. To those who doubt its Divine origin, the Qur’ān throws a challenge asking them to imitate  its  full  text, or even  to produce one  sūra similar  to  it. Most Muslims believe  that  the ‛Uthmānic Codex contain integrally the truly Word of God.

 

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The nature and the content of the Qur’ān

It is equally important to understand how Muslim believers view the Bible through the lens of the Qur’ān, and in their estimation their Holy Book is the only Scripture preserved in its authenticity. Muslims  believe  in  previous  revelations  at  least  those  mentioned  in  the  Qur’ān.  The  oral traditions  (ahādīth)  played  an  important  role  in  preserving  the  proper  interpretation  of  the Qur’ānic text. It is generally believed that Muhammad acquired his biblical knowledge mainly through  oral  tradition  in  his mother  tongue.  This  oral wisdom  came  from  Syriac, Aramaic, Ethiopian, and Hebrew materials, since there are many foreign words in the Arabic Qur’ān.  In Christianity,  the  role of  the Bible  is secondary  to  that of Christ;  it witnesses  to Him and His actions.  The  Christians  develop  a  personal  relationship  with  Jesus  living  a  Christocentric experience. Islam, by contrast, centres on the Qur’ān which is its “raison d’être.” The Qur’ān is the  Divine  revelation  which  instructs men  how  to  live  according  to  the  will  of  God.  The understanding of the Qur’ān as a perfect and inimitable in message, language, style, and form — referring to the preserved Tablet (Lawh-i mahfūz) or celestial Qur’ān — is strikingly similar to the Christian notion of the Bible’s “inerrancy” and “verbal inspiration” that is still common in many places today.

 

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